#+TITLE:  Zshell
#+AUTHOR: Howard Abrams
#+EMAIL:  howard@howardabrams.com
#+DATE:   2025-03-30 Sun
#+LASTMOD: [2025-03-30 Sun]
#+FILETAGS: technical
#+STARTUP: inlineimages

No, I haven’t eschewed my beloved Eshell, but at work, I’m often required to work with Bash snippets and code. This requires using a standard shell environment. This file includes my notes on Zshell, as well my configuration, when tangled.

This creates the following files:

  - =~/.zshenv= :: Usually run for every zsh
  - =~/.zshrc= :: Run for interactive shells … default file when tangling
  - =~/.zlogin= :: Run for login shells

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :exports none
  #!/usr/bin/env zsh
  #
  # My complete Zshell configuration. Don't edit this file.
  # Instead edit: ~/technical/zshell.org and tangle it.
  #
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv :exports none
  #!/usr/bin/env zsh
  #
  # Non-interactive, mostly easily settable environment variables. Don't
  # edit this file. # Instead edit: ~/technical/zshell.org and tangle.
  #
#+END_SRC

* Path
The all important =PATH= environment variable, needs my special =bin= directory.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :export ~/.zshenv
  export PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH
#+END_SRC

* Options
When the command is the name of a directory, perform the =cd= command to that directory:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt AUTO_CD
#+END_SRC

Make =cd= push the old directory onto the directory stack so that =popd= always works:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt AUTO_PUSHD
#+END_SRC

Print the working directory after a =cd=, but only if that was magically expanded:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt NO_CD_SILENT
#+END_SRC

Automatically list choices on an ambiguous completion:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt AUTO_LIST
#+END_SRC

Automatically use menu completion after the second consecutive request for completion:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt AUTO_MENU
#+END_SRC

Try to make the completion list smaller (occupying less lines) by printing the matches in columns with different widths:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt LIST_PACKED
#+END_SRC

On an ambiguous completion, instead of listing possibilities or beeping, insert the first match immediately. Then when completion is requested again, remove the first match and insert the second match, etc.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
setopt MENU_COMPLETE
#+END_SRC

* Homebrew
When using Homebrew on a Mac, we need to add its =PATH=:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  eval $(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv zsh)
#+END_SRC

This adds the following environment variables, along with expanding the =PATH=.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle no
  export HOMEBREW_PREFIX="/opt/homebrew";
  export HOMEBREW_CELLAR="/opt/homebrew/Cellar";
  export HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY="/opt/homebrew";
  [ -z "${MANPATH-}" ] || export MANPATH=":${MANPATH#:}";
  export INFOPATH="/opt/homebrew/share/info:${INFOPATH:-}";
#+END_SRC

* ZShell Styles
The [[http://www.bash2zsh.com/][Zsh Book]] has a nice chapter treatment on =zstyle=, also, explaining in detail its various fields.

** Tab Completion
Use [[https://thevaluable.dev/zsh-install-configure-mouseless/][autoload]] to install =compinit=, the completion system:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  autoload -U compinit; compinit
#+END_SRC

Do I need this?

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  zstyle ':completion:*:*:cp:*' file-sort modification reverse
  zstyle ':completion:*:*:mv:*' file-sort modification reverse
#+END_SRC

Selecting options using ~Tab~, arrows, and ~C-p~ / ~C-n~:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  zmodload zsh/complist
#+END_SRC

Do I want to use hyphen-insensitive completion, so that  =_= and =-= will be interchangeable?

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"
#+END_SRC

** Auto Correction
If you type something wrong, Zshell, by default, prompts to see if you wanted to try something different.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"
#+END_SRC

What about just /fixing it/? For this, we update the [[https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Zsh-Line-Editor.html][ZShell line editor]]:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  autocorrect() {
    zle .spell-word
    zle .$WIDGET
  }

  zle -N accept-line autocorrect
  zle -N magic-space autocorrect
#+END_SRC

Bind the ability to auto-correct the word to the left with =Space= or =Enter=:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  bindkey ' ' magic-space
#+END_SRC

** Waiting Indication
Display red dots whilst waiting for commands to complete.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"
#+END_SRC

You can also set it to another string to have that shown instead of the default red dots.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle no
  COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="%F{yellow}waiting...%f"
#+END_SRC

* Oh My Zshell
Some [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins][plugins for Zshell]] are nice, so let’s install [[https://ohmyz.sh/][Oh My Zshell]]:

#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no :results replace raw :wrap example
  sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS:
#+begin_example
Cloning Oh My Zsh...
branch 'master' set up to track 'origin/master' by rebasing.
/Users/howard/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/org/technical

Looking for an existing zsh config...
Found old .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh. Backing up to /Users/howard/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh-2025-03-30_12-22-02
Found /Users/howard/.zshrc. Backing up to /Users/howard/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to /Users/howard/.zshrc.

         __                                     __
  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_
 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \
/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /
\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/
                        /____/                       ....is now installed!


Before you scream Oh My Zsh! look over the `.zshrc` file to select plugins, themes, and options.

• Follow us on X: https://x.com/ohmyzsh
• Join our Discord community: https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh
• Get stickers, t-shirts, coffee mugs and more: https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

Run zsh to try it out.
#+end_example

Set it’s location:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshrc
  export ZSH=$HOME/.oh-my-zsh
#+END_SRC

** Syntax Coloration

The [[https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting][ZShell Syntax Highlighting]] project provides [[https://fishshell.com/][Fish shell]]-like syntax highlighting for ZShell. This was my killer feature for using Fish, but I need the standard Bash-compatible syntax. Now I can have both. Let’s install this project in coordination with Oh My Zshell:

#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
  git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
#+END_SRC

** Plugins
Configure the plugins, making sure to not use =git=, as the aliases are a pain to remember when I already have a superior Git interface in Emacs.

  - [[https://github.com/hsienjan/colorize][colorize]] :: syntax-highlight file contents, so install [[https://pygments.org/download/][Pygments]] first. Then call =ccat= and =cless= (see [[Aliases]]).
  - [[https://github.com/ptavares/zsh-direnv][direnv]] :: to support the [[https://direnv.net/][direnv]] virtual environment project.
  - [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/gnu-utils][gnu-utils]] :: bind the GNU flavor for standard utils, like =gfind= to the normal version, e.g. =find=.
  - [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/iterm2][iterm2]] :: while fully configured below, configures the interaction with the MacOS application, [[https://www.iterm2.com/][iTerm2]].
  - [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/macos][macos]] :: adds new functions that work better with MacOS terminals and the Finder. I like:
      - =tab= :: To open a new terminal tab
      - =cdf= :: To open a directory in the Finder, meh. Why not change this to open it in =dired= in Emacs?
      - =quick-look= :: To view a file
  - [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/zbell][zbell]] :: To beep when a long running command has completed. Similar to my =beep= command.

#+begin_SRC zsh
  plugins=(colorize direnv gnu-utils iterm2 macos zbell zsh-syntax-highlighting)
#+END_SRC

Notice the =iterm2= plugin as well as the =macos= plugins that would be nice to figure out how to make them optionally added (although I believe they check themselves).

The trick is to install some base-level plugins, and then, on my work computer, install more.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  if hostname | grep AL33 >/dev/null
  then
    plugins+=(ansible argocd docker helm kubectl)
  fi
#+END_SRC

Now that I’ve filled in the =plugins= variable, load OMZ and the plugins:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
#+END_SRC

Do we want to waste time during startup to update this? These can be:

  - =disabled= :: disable automatic updates
  - =auto= :: update automatically without asking
  - =reminder= :: remind me to update when it's time

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  zstyle ':omz:update' mode auto
  zstyle ':omz:update' frequency 13
#+END_SRC

We’ll Check every 13 days.
* Prompt
Either keep it simple:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  PS1='%(?.%F{green}.%F{red})$%f%b '
#+END_SRC

Oh use the absolute /over-the-top/ bling associated with Oh My Zshell’s /themes/, like:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle no
  ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
#+END_SRC

* iTerm2
On Mac systems, I like the [[https://www.iterm2.com/][iTerm2 application]], and we can enable [[https://iterm2.com/documentation-shell-integration.html][shell integration]], either via the old school way, or just rely on [[https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/iterm2][the /plugin/ ]]above:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle no
  test -e "${HOME}/.iterm2_shell_integration.zsh" && source "${HOME}/.iterm2_shell_integration.zsh"
#+END_SRC

Also, while use the =title= command to change the Terminal’s title bar, don’t let the prompt or other Zshell features do that:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"
#+END_SRC

Favorite feature is the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen that shows the Git branch, current working directory, etc. This allows my prompt to be much shorter. What other information I want has changed over the years, but I define this information with this function:

Currently, I show the currently defined Kube namespace.

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  function iterm2_print_user_vars() {
    iterm2_set_user_var kubecontext $($ yq '.users[0].name' ~/.kube/config):$(kubectl config view --minify --output 'jsonpath={..namespace}')

    # Correct version:
    # iterm2_set_user_var kubecontext $(kubectl config current-context):$(kubectl config view --minify --output 'jsonpath={..namespace}')
    # Faster version:
    # iterm2_set_user_var kubecontext $(awk '/^current-context:/{print $2;exit;}' <~/.kube/config)
  }
#+END_SRC

* Emacs
While /Oh My Zshell/ has an =emacs= plugin, I’m not crazy about it. I guess I need more control.

While it /should/ figure out (as Emacs keybindings are the default), this is how we ensure it:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  bindkey -e
#+END_SRC

Where be the =emacsclient=, and how should we call it?

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  export EMACS="emacsclient --socket-name personal"
#+END_SRC

Which needs to be overwritten on my Work computer:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  if hostname | grep AL33 >/dev/null
  then
    export EMACS="emacsclient --socket-name work"
  fi
#+END_SRC

The =EDITOR= variable that some programs use to edit files from the command line:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  export EDITOR="$EMACS --tty"
  export VISUAL="$EMACS --create-frame"
#+END_SRC

With these variables defined, we can create simple aliases:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  alias e="$EDITOR"
  alias te="$EDITOR"
  alias ee="$EMACS --create-frame"
  alias eee="$EMACS --create-frame --no-wait"
#+END_SRC

* Aliases
Assuming we’ve installed =lsd= and other colorized features:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  alias ls=lsd
  alias less=cless
  alias cat=ccat
#+END_SRC

And some abstractions over SSH:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  alias ossh="ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o loglevel=ERROR"
#+END_SRC

* Final Message
For sensitive work-related environment variables, store them elsewhere, and load them:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh :tangle ~/.zshenv
  test -e "${HOME}/.zshenv-work" && source "${HOME}/.zshenv-work"
#+END_SRC

To let us know we read the =~/.zshrc= file:

#+BEGIN_SRC zsh
  echo "🐚 ZShell Session"
#+END_SRC

#+description: A literate programming file for configuring Zshell.
#+property:    header-args:zsh :tangle ~/.zshrc
#+property:    header-args    :results none :eval no-export :comments no mkdirp yes
#+options:     num:nil toc:t todo:nil tasks:nil tags:nil date:nil
#+options:     skip:nil author:nil email:nil creator:nil timestamp:nil
#+infojs_opt:  view:nil toc:t ltoc:t mouse:underline buttons:0 path:http://orgmode.org/org-info.js
