01a0958e6f
This really was a lark to see if I could change ALL the files using woccur and a regular expression. Quite please with how simple that was.
509 lines
23 KiB
Org Mode
509 lines
23 KiB
Org Mode
#+TITLE: Remote Access to Systems
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#+AUTHOR: Howard X. Abrams
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#+DATE: 2020-09-25
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A literate configuration for accessing remote systems.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp :exports none
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;;; ha-remoting --- Accessing remote systems. -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
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;;
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;; © 2020-2023 Howard X. Abrams
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;; Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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;; See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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;;
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;; Author: Howard X. Abrams <http://gitlab.com/howardabrams>
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;; Maintainer: Howard X. Abrams
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;; Created: September 25, 2020
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;;
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;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs.
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;;
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;; *NB:* Do not edit this file. Instead, edit the original literate file at:
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;; ~/other/hamacs/ha-remoting.org
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;; And tangle the file to recreate this one.
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;;
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;;; Code:
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#+end_src
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* Remote Editing with Tramp
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[[https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/TrampMode][Tramp]] allows almost all Emacs features to execute on a remote system.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package tramp
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:straight (:type built-in)
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:config
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;; Use remote PATH on tramp (handy for eshell).
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(add-to-list 'tramp-remote-path 'tramp-own-remote-path)
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;; Make sure version control system doesn't slow tramp:
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(setq vc-ignore-dir-regexp
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(format "%s\\|%s" vc-ignore-dir-regexp tramp-file-name-regexp)))
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#+end_src
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Will Schenk has [[https://willschenk.com/articles/2020/tramp_tricks/][a simple extension]] to allow editing of files /inside/ a Docker container:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package tramp
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:straight (:type built-in)
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:config
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(push '("docker" . ((tramp-login-program "docker")
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(tramp-login-args (("exec" "-it") ("%h") ("/bin/sh")))
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(tramp-remote-shell "/bin/sh")
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(tramp-remote-shell-args ("-i") ("-c"))))
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tramp-methods)
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(defadvice tramp-completion-handle-file-name-all-completions
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(around dotemacs-completion-docker activate)
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"(tramp-completion-handle-file-name-all-completions \"\" \"/docker:\" returns
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a list of active Docker container names, followed by colons."
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(if (equal (ad-get-arg 1) "/docker:")
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(let* ((command "docker ps --format '{{.Names}}:'")
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(dockernames-raw (shell-command-to-string command))
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(dockernames (split-string dockernames-raw "\n")))
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(setq ad-return-value dockernames))
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ad-do-it)))
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#+end_src
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Keep in mind you need to /name/ your Docker session, with the =—name= option. I actually do more docker work on remote systems (as Docker seems to make my fans levitate my laptop over the desk). Granted, the =URL= is a bit lengthy, for instance:
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#+begin_example
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/ssh:kolla-compute1.cedev13.d501.eng.pdx.wd|sudo:kolla-compute1.cedev13.d501.eng.pdx.wd|docker:kolla_toolbox:/
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#+end_example
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Which means, I need to put it as a link in an org file.
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*Note:* That we need to have Tramp SSH option comes from my personal [[file:~/.ssh/config][.ssh/config]] file instead of its internal cache:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package tramp-sh
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:after tramp
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:straight (:type built-in)
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:custom (tramp-use-ssh-controlmaster-options nil))
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#+end_src
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* Remote Terminals
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Sure =iTerm= is nice for connecting and running commands on remote systems, however, it lacks a command line option that allows you to select and manipulate the displayed text without a mouse. This is where Emacs can shine.
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*Feature One:*
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When calling the =ha-ssh= function, it opens a =vterm= window which, unlike other terminal emulators in Emacs, merges both Emacs and Terminal behaviors. Essentially, it just works. It =vterm= isn't installed, it falls back to =term=.
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Preload a list of favorite/special hostnames with multiple calls to:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle no
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(ha-ssh-add-favorite-host "Devbox 42" "10.0.1.42")
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#+end_src
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Then calling =ha-ssh= function, a list of hostnames is available to quickly jump on a system (with the possibility of fuzzy matching if you have Helm or Ivy installed).
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This also has the ability to call OpenStack to gather the hostnames of dynamic systems (what I call "an Overcloud"), which is appended to the list of favorite hostnames. The call to OpenStack only needs to be called once, since the hosts are then cached, see =ha-ssh-overcloud-query-for-hosts=.
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*Feature Two:*
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Use the /favorite host/ list to quickly edit a file on a remote system using Tramp, by calling either =ha-ssh-find-file= and =ha-ssh-find-root=.
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*Feature Three:*
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Working with remote shell connections programmatically, for instance:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle no
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(let ((win-name "some-host"))
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(ha-ssh "some-host.in.some.place" win-name)
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(ha-ssh-send "source ~/.bash_profile" win-name)
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(ha-ssh-send "clear" win-name))
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;; ...
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(ha-ssh-exit win-name)
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#+end_src
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Actually the =win-name= in this case is optional, as it will use a good default.
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** VTerm
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I'm not giving up on Eshell, but I am playing around with [[https://github.com/akermu/emacs-libvterm][vterm]], and it is pretty good, but I use it primarily as a more reliable approach for remote terminal sessions.
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VTerm has an issue (at least for me) with ~M-Backspace~ not deleting the previous word, and yeah, I want to make sure that both keystrokes do the same thing.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package vterm
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:init
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;; Granted, I seldom pop out to the shell except during code demonstrations,
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;; but I like how C-p/C-n jumps up to each prompt entry using this setting
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;; that works with my prompt:
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(setq vterm-use-vterm-prompt-detection-method nil
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term-prompt-regexp "^.* $ ")
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:config
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(dolist (k '("<C-backspace>" "<M-backspace>"))
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(define-key vterm-mode-map (kbd k)
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(lambda () (interactive) (vterm-send-key (kbd "C-w")))))
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;; Enter copy mode? Go to Evil's normal state to move around:
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(advice-add 'vterm-copy-mode :after 'evil-normal-state)
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;; I don't know if I need any of these ... yet. Because when I am in a shell,
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;; I default to Emacs keybindings...
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;; (setq vterm-keymap-exceptions nil)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-e") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-f") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-a") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-v") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-b") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-w") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-u") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-d") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-n") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-m") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-p") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-j") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-k") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-r") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-t") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-g") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-c") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'insert vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-SPC") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd "C-d") #'vterm--self-insert)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd ",c") #'multi-vterm)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd ",n") #'multi-vterm-next)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd ",p") #'multi-vterm-prev)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd "i") #'evil-insert-resume)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd "o") #'evil-insert-resume)
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;; (evil-define-key 'normal vterm-mode-map (kbd "<return>") #'evil-insert-resume)
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:hook
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(vterm-mode . (lambda ()
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(setq-local evil-insert-state-cursor 'box)
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(evil-insert-state))))
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#+end_src
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The advantage of running terminals in Emacs is the ability to copy text without a mouse. For that, hit ~C-c C-t~ to enter a special copy-mode. If I go into this mode, I might as well also go into normal mode to move the cursor. To exit the copy-mode (and copy the selected text to the clipboard), hit ~Return~.
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*** Multi Vterm
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The [[https://github.com/suonlight/multi-vterm][multi-vterm]] project adds functions for renaming =vterm= instances.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package multi-vterm)
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#+end_src
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Keybindings at the end of this file.
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** Variables
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Let's begin by defining some variables used for communication between the functions.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defvar ha-latest-ssh-window-name nil
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"The window-name of the latest ssh session. Most commands default to the last session.")
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(defvar ha-ssh-host-history '() "List of hostnames we've previously connected.")
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(defvar ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames '()
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"A list of tuples (associate list) containing a hostname and its IP address.
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See =ha-ssh-add-favorite-host= for easily adding to this list.")
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#+end_src
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Also, let's make it easy for me to change my default shell:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defvar ha-ssh-shell (shell-command-to-string "type -p fish")
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"The executable to the shell I want to use locally.")
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#+end_src
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** Interactive Interface to Remote Systems
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The function, =ha-ssh= pops up a list of /favorite hosts/ and then uses the =vterm= functions to automatically SSH into the chosen host:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh (hostname &optional window-name)
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"Start a SSH session to a given HOSTNAME (with an optionally specified WINDOW-NAME).
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If called interactively, it presents the user with a list
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returned by =ha-ssh-choose-host=."
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(interactive (list (ha-ssh-choose-host)))
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(unless window-name
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(setq window-name (format "ssh: %s" hostname)))
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(setq ha-latest-ssh-window-name (format "*%s*" window-name))
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;; I really like this =vterm= interface, so if I've got it loaded, let's use it:
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(if (not (fboundp 'vterm))
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;; Should we assume the =ssh= we want is on the PATH that started Emacs?
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(make-term window-name "ssh" nil hostname)
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(vterm ha-latest-ssh-window-name)
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(vterm-send-string (format "ssh %s" hostname))
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(vterm-send-return))
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(pop-to-buffer ha-latest-ssh-window-name))
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#+end_src
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Of course, we need a function that =interactive= can call to get that list, and my thought is to call =helm= if it is available, otherwise, assume that ido/ivy will take over the =completing-read= function:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-choose-host ()
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"Prompts the user for a host, and if it is in the cache, return
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its IP address, otherwise, return the input given.
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This is used in calls to =interactive= to select a host."
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(let ((hostname
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;; We call Helm directly if installed, only so that we can get better
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;; labels in the window, otherwise, the =completing-read= call would be fine.
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(if (fboundp 'helm-comp-read)
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(helm-comp-read "Hostname: " ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames
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:name "Hosts"
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:fuzzy t :history ha-ssh-host-history)
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(completing-read "Hostname: " ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames nil 'confirm nil 'ha-ssh-host-history))))
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(alist-get hostname ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames hostname nil 'equal)))
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#+end_src
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Simply calling =vterm= fails to load my full environment, so this allows me to start the terminal in a particular directory (defaulting to the root of the current project):
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-shell (&optional directory)
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"Creates and tidies up a =vterm= terminal shell in side window."
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(interactive (list (read-directory-name "Starting Directory: " (projectile-project-root))))
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(let* ((win-name (ha--terminal-name-from-dir directory))
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(buf-name (format "*%s*" win-name))
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(default-directory (or directory default-directory)))
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(setq ha-latest-ssh-window-name buf-name)
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(if (not (fboundp 'vterm))
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(make-term win-name ha-ssh-shell)
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(vterm buf-name))))
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#+end_src
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Before we leave this section, I realize that I would like a way to /add/ to my list of hosts:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-add-favorite-host (hostname ip-address)
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"Add a favorite host to your list for easy pickin's."
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(interactive "sHostname: \nsIP Address: ")
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(add-to-list 'ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames (cons hostname ip-address)))
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#+end_src
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** Programmatic Interface
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Let’s send stuff to it:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-shell-send (command &optional directory)
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"Send COMMAND to existing shell based on DIRECTORY.
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If the shell doesn't already exist, start on up by calling
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the `ha-shell' function."
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(let* ((win-name (ha--terminal-name-from-dir directory))
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(win-rx (rx "*" (literal win-name) "*"))
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(bufs (seq-filter (lambda (b) (when (string-match win-rx (buffer-name b)) b))
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(buffer-list)))
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(buf (first bufs)))
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(unless buf
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(setq buf (ha-shell directory)))
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(ha-ssh-send command buf)))
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(defun ha--terminal-name-from-dir (&optional directory)
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"Return an appropriate title for a terminal based on DIRECTORY.
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If DIRECTORY is nil, use the `projectile-project-name'."
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(unless directory
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(setq directory (projectile-project-name)))
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(format "Terminal: %s" (file-name-base (directory-file-name directory))))
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(ert-deftest ha--terminal-name-from-dir-test ()
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(should
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(string= (ha--terminal-name-from-dir "~/other/hamacs/") "Terminal: hamacs"))
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(should
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(string= (ha--terminal-name-from-dir) "Terminal: hamacs")))
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#+end_src
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The previous functions (as well as my own end of sprint demonstrations) often need to issue some commands to a running terminal session, which is a simple wrapper around a /send text/ and /send return/ sequence:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-send (phrase &optional window-name)
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"Send command PHRASE to the currently running SSH instance.
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If you want to refer to another session, specify the correct WINDOW-NAME.
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This is really useful for scripts and demonstrations."
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(unless window-name
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(setq window-name ha-latest-ssh-window-name))
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(save-window-excursion
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(pop-to-buffer window-name)
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(if (fboundp 'vterm)
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(progn
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(vterm-send-string phrase)
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(vterm-send-return))
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(progn
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(term-send-raw-string phrase)
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(term-send-input)))))
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#+end_src
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On the rare occasion that I write a shell script, or at least, need to execute some one-line shell commands from some document, I have a function that combines a /read line from buffer/ and then send it to the currently running terminal:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-send-line ()
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"Copy the contents of the current line in the current buffer,
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and call =ha-ssh-send= with it. After sending the contents, it
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returns to the current line."
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(interactive)
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;; The function =save-excursion= doesn't seem to work...
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(let* ((buf (current-buffer))
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(cmd-line (buffer-substring-no-properties
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(line-beginning-position) (line-end-position)))
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(trim-cmd (s-trim cmd-line)))
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(ha-ssh-send trim-cmd)
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;; (sit-for 0.25)
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(pop-to-buffer buf)))
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#+end_src
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Let's have a quick way to bugger out of the terminal:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-exit (&optional window-name)
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"End the SSH session specified by WINDOW-NAME (or if not, the latest session)."
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(interactive)
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(unless (string-match-p "v?term" (buffer-name))
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(unless window-name
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(setq window-name ha-latest-ssh-window-name))
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(pop-to-buffer window-name))
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(ignore-errors
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(term-send-eof))
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(kill-buffer window-name)
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(delete-window))
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#+end_src
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** Editing Remote Files
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TRAMP, when it works, is amazing that we can give it a reference to a remote directory, and have =find-file= magically autocomplete.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-find-file (hostname)
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"Constructs a ssh-based, tramp-focus, file reference, and then calls =find-file=."
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(interactive (list (ha-ssh-choose-host)))
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(let ((tramp-ssh-ref (format "/ssh:%s:" hostname))
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(other-window (when (equal current-prefix-arg '(4)) t)))
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(ha-ssh--find-file tramp-ssh-ref other-window)))
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(defun ha-ssh--find-file (tramp-ssh-ref &optional other-window)
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"Calls =find-file= after internally completing a file reference based on TRAMP-SSH-REF."
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(let ((tramp-file (read-file-name "Find file: " tramp-ssh-ref)))
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(if other-window
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(find-file-other-window tramp-file)
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(find-file tramp-file))))
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#+end_src
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We can even edit it as root:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun ha-ssh-find-root (hostname)
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"Constructs a ssh-based, tramp-focus, file reference, and then calls =find-file=."
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(interactive (list (ha-ssh-choose-host)))
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(let ((tramp-ssh-ref (format "/ssh:%s|sudo:%s:" hostname hostname))
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(other-window (when (equal current-prefix-arg '(4)) t)))
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(ha-ssh--find-file tramp-ssh-ref other-window)))
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#+end_src
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** OpenStack Interface
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Instead of making sure I have a list of remote systems already in the favorite hosts cache, I can pre-populate it with a call to OpenStack (my current VM system I'm using). These calls to the =openstack= CLI assume that the environment is already filled with the credentials. Hey, it is my local laptop ...
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We'll give =openstack= CLI a =--format json= option to make it easier for parsing:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(use-package json)
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#+end_src
|
||
|
||
Need a variable to hold all our interesting hosts. Notice I use the word /overcloud/, but this is a name I've used for years to refer to /my virtual machines/ that I can get a listing of, and not get other VMs that I don't own.
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(defvar ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-data nil
|
||
"A vector of associated lists containing the servers in an Overcloud.")
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
If our cache data is empty, we could automatically retrieve this information, but only on the first time we attempt to connect. To do this, we'll =advice= the =ha-ssh-choose-host= function defined earlier:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun ha-ssh-overcloud-query-for-hosts ()
|
||
"If the overcloud cache hasn't be populated, ask the user if we want to run the command."
|
||
(when (not ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-data)
|
||
(when (y-or-n-p "Cache of Overcloud hosts aren't populated. Retrieve hosts?")
|
||
(call-interactively 'ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-populate))))
|
||
|
||
(advice-add 'ha-ssh-choose-host :before 'ha-ssh-overcloud-query-for-hosts)
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
We'll do the work of getting the /server list/ with this function:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-populate (cluster)
|
||
"Given an `os-cloud' entry, stores all available hostnames.
|
||
Calls `ha-ssh-add-favorite-host' for each host found."
|
||
(interactive (list (completing-read "Cluster: " '(devprod1 devprod501 devprod502))))
|
||
(message "Calling the `openstack' command...this will take a while. Grab a coffee, eh?")
|
||
(let* ((command (format "openstack --os-cloud %s server list --no-name-lookup --insecure -f json" cluster))
|
||
(json-data (thread-last command
|
||
(shell-command-to-string)
|
||
(json-read-from-string))))
|
||
(dolist (entry (seq--into-list json-data))
|
||
(ha-ssh-add-favorite-host (alist-get 'Name entry)
|
||
(thread-last entry
|
||
(alist-get 'Networks)
|
||
(alist-get 'cedev13)
|
||
(seq-first))))
|
||
(message "Call to `openstack' complete. Found %d hosts." (length json-data))))
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
In case I change my virtual machines, I can repopulate that cache:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-repopulate ()
|
||
"Repopulate the cache based on redeployment of my overcloud."
|
||
(interactive)
|
||
(setq ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-data nil)
|
||
(call-interactively 'ha-ssh-overcloud-cache-populate))
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
The primary interface:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun ha-ssh-overcloud (hostname)
|
||
"Log into an overcloud host given by HOSTNAME. Works better if
|
||
you have previously run =ssh-copy-id= on the host. Remember, to
|
||
make it behave like a real terminal (instead of a window in
|
||
Emacs), hit =C-c C-k=."
|
||
(interactive (list (ha-ssh-choose-host)))
|
||
(when (not (string-match-p "\." hostname))
|
||
(setq hostname (format "%s.%s" hostname (getenv "OS_PROJECT_NAME"))))
|
||
|
||
(let ((window-label (or (-some->> ha-ssh-favorite-hostnames
|
||
(rassoc hostname)
|
||
car)
|
||
hostname)))
|
||
(ha-ssh hostname window-label)
|
||
(sit-for 1)
|
||
(ha-ssh-send "sudo -i")
|
||
(ha-ssh-send (format "export PS1='\\[\\e[34m\\]%s\\[\e[m\\] \\[\\e[33m\\]\\$\\[\\e[m\\] '"
|
||
window-label))
|
||
(ha-ssh-send "clear")))
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
* Keybindings
|
||
This file, so far, as been good-enough for a Vanilla Emacs installation, but to hook into Doom's leader for some sequence binding, this code isn't:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
|
||
(ha-leader
|
||
"a s" '(:ignore t :which-key "ssh")
|
||
"a s o" '("overcloud" . ha-ssh-overcloud)
|
||
"a s l" '("local shell" . ha-shell)
|
||
"a s s" '("remote shell" . ha-ssh)
|
||
"a s q" '("quit shell" . ha-ssh-exit)
|
||
"a s f" '("find-file" . ha-ssh-find-file)
|
||
"a s r" '("find-root" . ha-ssh-find-root)
|
||
|
||
"a v" '(:ignore t :which-key "vterm")
|
||
"a v v" '("vterm" . multi-vterm)
|
||
"a v j" '("next vterm" . multi-vterm-next)
|
||
"a v k" '("prev vterm" . multi-vterm-prev)
|
||
"a v p" '("project vterm" . multi-vterm-project)
|
||
"a v r" '("rename" . multi-vterm-rename-buffer)
|
||
|
||
"a v d" '(:ignore t :which-key "dedicated")
|
||
"a v d o" '("open" . multi-vterm-dedicated-open)
|
||
"a v d s" '("switch" . multi-vterm-dedicated-select)
|
||
"a v d t" '("toggle" . multi-vterm-dedicated-toggle)
|
||
"a v d x" '("close" . multi-vterm-dedicated-close))
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
* Technical Artifacts :noexport:
|
||
|
||
Provide a name so we can =require= the file:
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :exports none
|
||
(provide 'ha-remoting)
|
||
;;; ha-remoting.el ends here
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
Before you can build this on a new system, make sure that you put the cursor over any of these properties, and hit: ~C-c C-c~
|
||
|
||
#+DESCRIPTION: A literate configuration for accessing remote systems.
|
||
|
||
#+PROPERTY: header-args:sh :tangle no
|
||
#+PROPERTY: header-args:emacs-lisp :tangle yes
|
||
#+PROPERTY: header-args :results none :eval no-export :comments no mkdirp yes
|
||
|
||
#+OPTIONS: num:nil toc:nil todo:nil tasks:nil tags:nil date:nil
|
||
#+OPTIONS: skip:nil author:nil email:nil creator:nil timestamp:nil
|
||
#+INFOJS_OPT: view:nil toc:nil ltoc:t mouse:underline buttons:0 path:http://orgmode.org/org-info.js
|